C.S. Lewis's The Abolition of Man remains a potent and timely work, exploring the dangers of subjectivism and the crucial role of objective morality. Central to Lewis's argument is the concept of Natural Law—a moral framework inherent in humanity's nature. This essay will delve into key quotes from the book, unpacking their meaning and significance in understanding the enduring importance of Natural Law. We'll also explore some frequently asked questions surrounding this complex topic.
What is Natural Law, According to Lewis?
Lewis doesn't explicitly define Natural Law in a single sentence, but rather builds his argument throughout The Abolition of Man. He suggests it's an objective moral order, discernible through human reason and experience, which transcends subjective opinions and cultural relativism. It's not a set of rigid rules, but a framework guiding us towards virtuous living and flourishing. This framework, he argues, is evident in the "Tao," a universal moral law reflected in various cultures and traditions throughout history. He uses the Tao to illustrate the common ground of objective morality, showcasing its influence regardless of specific religious or philosophical systems.
"We are not digging down to the roots of morality but tearing up the roots."
This quote highlights a crucial concern for Lewis: the erosion of objective moral values. The "digging down" represents the purportedly scientific and progressive approach of his time, attempting to reduce morality to mere subjective preference or social construct. The "tearing up of roots" signifies the destructive consequences of this approach, severing humanity from its innate moral compass. He warns that rejecting the Tao, the underlying moral order, ultimately undermines the very foundations of a just and flourishing society.
What are the consequences of rejecting Natural Law?
Lewis argues that rejecting Natural Law leads to a "men without chests," individuals devoid of moral conviction and guided only by self-interest. This absence of a firm moral compass results in societal chaos and the potential for tyranny. He paints a stark warning of a future where subjective values dictate moral decisions, making anything permissible, and potentially leading to unimaginable consequences.
"It is in the Tao that the 'Laws of Nature' which are described by the sciences of observation can be valid."
This quote illustrates the interconnectedness between Natural Law and the natural sciences. Lewis suggests that the validity of scientific observation depends on a pre-existing moral order—the Tao. Scientific laws only hold true in a universe governed by rational principles, a universe consistent with an underlying moral structure. The laws of physics or biology are meaningless if there's no underlying order to make them relevant.
Isn't Natural Law just a justification for oppression?
This is a common critique of Natural Law. Critics argue that appeals to objective morality have historically been used to justify social injustices and oppression. However, Lewis's perspective is a nuanced one. He argues that a proper understanding of Natural Law promotes human flourishing and justice, not oppression. The misuse of Natural Law doesn't invalidate its existence; rather, it highlights the importance of correctly interpreting and applying it.
How does Natural Law apply in modern society?
The principles of Natural Law remain highly relevant in contemporary society. Issues such as bioethics, environmentalism, and human rights all demand a framework for objective moral judgment. Lewis's arguments encourage us to engage in reasoned discourse about the fundamental principles of justice, compassion, and human dignity—principles he suggests are rooted in Natural Law. Understanding Natural Law can provide a framework for making ethical decisions in a complex and often morally ambiguous world.
Conclusion:
C.S. Lewis's exploration of Natural Law in The Abolition of Man offers a powerful and enduring critique of subjectivism and a compelling case for objective morality. By examining key quotes and addressing common questions, we can better appreciate the continued relevance and importance of this philosophical concept in navigating the challenges of the modern world. His warnings against the dangers of discarding inherent moral values remain as pertinent today as they were when the book was first published.
